Text as Data in Economic Analysis

Tarek A. Hassan, Stephan Hollander, Aakash Kalyani, Laurence van Lent, Markus Schwedeler and Ahmed Tahoun

Hassan, T. A. & Hollander, S. & Kalyani, A. & van Lent, L. & Schwedeler, M. & Tahoun, A., “Text as Data in Economic Analysis,” Journal of Economic Perspectives, 39(3):193–220 (2025).

Text as Data: data and code

The article’s examples and replication package draw on NL Analytics and other research datasets. The authors provide data and code for economic analysis using corporate text, including earnings-call transcripts and other corporate communications.

Study coverage: United States and global firm data; coverage varies across the article’s examples.
Replication data: Data and code on openICPSR (opens in a new tab or window)
Tutorial data and code: DataverseNL (opens in a new tab or window)
Appendix: Supplementary appendix (opens in a new tab or window)

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